Job of the router - forwarding traffic between 1 IP subnet and another

Identify destination IP from inside packet

• If its on a locally connected subnet, forward the packet to the local device
• If its on a remote subnet, forward to the next-hop router/gateway

The "map" of forwarding locations is the routing table - it tells a router where the next hop should be

Static routing - Administratively define the routes

• Quick way to configure a route and fine for small network
• Does not change or automatically update

EIGRP - A routing protocol partly proprietary to Cisco. Easy to setup and use.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Used for routing traffic within an autonomous network

• More generic and well-established
• Used within a network that an individual has complete of, known as a Single Autonomous System (AS)
• Interior gateway protocol (used within an AS)
• "Link-state protocol" - Routing is based on the connectivity between routers

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Used for routing traffic outside of an autonomous network

• Exterior gateway protocol (connect different autonomous systems)
• Commonly used on WAN and internet connections